Linganisha mbinu

	Uainishaji wa K-means	Jifunze Mtandaoni
Nyanja	Ujifunzaji wa Mashine	Ujifunzaji wa Mashine
Familia	Machine learning	Machine learning
Mwaka wa asili	1967 (formalized 1982)	1958–2000s
Mwanzilishi	MacQueen, J. B.; Lloyd, S. P.	Rosenblatt, F.; Littlestone, N.; Shalev-Shwartz, S. (key contributors)
Aina	Partitional clustering	Learning paradigm (sequential model update)
Chanzo asilia	Lloyd, S. P. (1982). Least squares quantization in PCM. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 28(2), 129–137.	Shalev-Shwartz, S. (2011). Online Learning and Online Convex Optimization. Foundations and Trends in Machine Learning, 4(2), 107–194.
Majina mbadala	k-means clustering, Lloyd's algorithm, k-means partitioning, hard k-means	incremental learning, sequential learning, streaming learning, online machine learning
Zinazohusiana	4	6
Muhtasari	K-means is a classic unsupervised partitional clustering algorithm that divides a dataset into K non-overlapping groups by iteratively assigning each observation to its nearest centroid and updating centroids as the mean of their assigned points. It is one of the most widely used exploratory tools in machine learning and data analysis.	Online learning is a machine learning paradigm in which a model is updated incrementally as each new data point arrives, rather than being trained once on a fixed dataset. It is essential when data streams continuously, storage is limited, or the underlying distribution shifts over time. Theoretical performance is measured by cumulative regret relative to the best fixed predictor in hindsight.