Linganisha mbinu

	Isovist Analysis	Syntactic Step Depth
Nyanja	Urban Studies	Urban Studies
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1979	1984
Mwanzilishi	Michael L. Benedikt	Bill Hillier & Julienne Hanson
Aina	Geometric analysis of the space visible from a vantage point	Topological measure of depth and integration between spaces
Chanzo asilia	Benedikt, M. L. (1979). To take hold of space: isovists and isovist fields. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 6(1), 47–65.	Hillier, B., & Hanson, J. (1984). The Social Logic of Space. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9780521367844
Majina mbadala	Visibility Polygon Analysis, Isovist Fields, Viewshed Analysis (Architectural), Visual Field Analysis	Topological Step Depth, Mean Depth (Space Syntax), Justified Graph Depth, Syntactic Integration
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Isovist analysis describes the experience of space by computing, for any vantage point, the exact region that is visible from it — the isovist, or visibility polygon. Introduced by Michael Benedikt in 1979, the method turns intuitive notions of openness, enclosure and prospect into measurable quantities such as the area, perimeter and compactness of the visible field. By repeating the construction across a grid of points one obtains an isovist field that maps how visibility varies throughout a building or urban space, making it a core analytic tool in space syntax, architecture and environmental psychology.	Syntactic step depth is the space-syntax measure of how topologically far apart spaces are — how many turns, transitions or moves separate one space from another, regardless of metric distance. Formalised by Bill Hillier and Julienne Hanson in The Social Logic of Space (1984), it is computed from a justified graph in which every space is a node and every direct adjacency an edge, and a single step is one move between connected spaces. Aggregated into mean depth and normalised into an integration value, step depth becomes the workhorse of configurational analysis, predicting which spaces will be most used, most accessible and most central in a building or city.