Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| BI× | EDSS: Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Neurolojia | Neurolojia |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1965 | 1983 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Florence I. Mahoney and Dorothea Barthel | John F. Kurtzke |
| Aina≠ | Clinician or caregiver report | Clinician-rated |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Barthel, D. W., Gottwald, B. (1965). Functional Evaluation: The Barthel Index. Maryland State Medical Journal, 14(5), 61-65. DOI ↗ | Kurtzke, J. F. (1983). Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: An expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology, 33(11), 1444-1452. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala≠ | Barthel Index, Modified Barthel Index | Expanded Disability Status Scale |
| Zinazohusiana | 4 | 4 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Barthel Index (BI) is the most widely used functional assessment tool for measuring disability and dependency in activities of daily living, particularly in stroke and neurological rehabilitation. Developed by Florence Mahoney and Dorothea Barthel in 1965, the 10-item index quantifies independence in basic self-care and mobility tasks. The Barthel Index is the standard functional outcome measure in stroke trials, rehabilitation settings, and long-term follow-up cohorts, predicting discharge disposition and functional prognosis. | The EDSS is the most widely used clinical disability rating scale in multiple sclerosis research and practice. Developed by John Kurtzke in 1983, it provides a 0-10 ordinal scale capturing disease severity across eight neurological functional systems and functional status. The EDSS remains the primary endpoint in MS clinical trials and longitudinal cohort studies, with decades of prognostic and comparative data worldwide. |
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