Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Uaminifu wa Ndani-Nje (Kiwango cha I/N)	Kiwango cha Ushughulikiaji wa Kidini cha RCOPE kifupi
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Dini	Saikolojia ya Dini
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1967	1998
Mwanzilishi	Gordon W. Allport & J. Michael Ross	Kenneth I. Pargament, Bruce W. Smith, Harold G. Koenig, & Lennon Perez
Aina	Self-report	Self-report
Chanzo asilia	Allport, G. W., & Ross, J. M. (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5(4), 432–443.	Pargament, K. I., Smith, B. W., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. (1998). Patterns of positive and negative religious coping with major life stressors. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37(4), 710–724.
Majina mbadala	I/E Scale, Allport-Ross Scale	Brief RCOPE, RCOPE-14
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The I/E Scale, originally developed by Allport and Ross in 1967, is a foundational measure in the psychology of religion that distinguishes between two motivational orientations toward religion: intrinsic (religion as end in itself, source of meaning) versus extrinsic (religion as means to social, personal, or practical ends). This conceptual distinction has profoundly influenced decades of research on religious prejudice, moral behavior, and health outcomes. The original 20-item version has been refined to a 14-item form (I/E-Revised) that improves psychometric properties while maintaining theoretical clarity.	The Brief RCOPE, developed by Pargament and colleagues (1998), is a 14-item measure that distinguishes between positive and negative religious coping strategies that individuals employ when facing major life stressors. Derived from the longer 105-item RCOPE, the Brief RCOPE captures how people use faith, prayer, spiritual reframing, and community support to manage illness, loss, and adversity, while also identifying religiously-based distress responses (e.g., spiritual anger, perception of abandonment by God). It has become a standard measure in health psychology, particularly in research on coping with serious illness, grief, and trauma.