Linganisha mbinu

	Utafiti wa Kiutamaduni wa Kiutendaji wa Kiutamaduni	Uchanganuzi wa Wigo
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1987 (IE); interpretive variant consolidated 1990s–2000s	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)
Mwanzilishi	Dorothy E. Smith (institutional ethnography); interpretive elaboration by Campbell, Gregor, and others	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell
Aina	Qualitative research design	Method
Chanzo asilia	Smith, D. E. (1987). The Everyday World as Problematic: A Feminist Sociology. Northeastern University Press. ISBN: 978-1555530167	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.
Majina mbadala	interpretive IE, hermeneutic institutional ethnography, meaning-centered institutional ethnography, IIE	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis
Zinazohusiana	5	2
Muhtasari	Interpretive institutional ethnography (IIE) is a qualitative research design that combines Dorothy Smith's institutional ethnography — which maps how institutional texts and social relations coordinate everyday life — with an explicitly interpretive, meaning-centered stance. Rather than stopping at describing ruling relations, the researcher asks what those relations mean to people embedded in them and how participants actively interpret institutional demands and texts in their lived experience.	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.