Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Kielelezo cha Mwitikio wa Kuingiliana (Interpersonal Reactivity Index)× | Kiwango cha Thamani za Kitamaduni× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Saikolojia ya Kijamii | Saikolojia ya Kijamii |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1980 | 2002 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Mark H. Davis | Daphna Oyserman |
| Aina | Self-report Likert scale | Self-report Likert scale |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Davis, M. H. (1980). A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85. link ↗ | Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128(1), 3–72. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | IRI | CVS |
| Zinazohusiana | 4 | 4 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) is a 28-item self-report measure developed by Mark H. Davis in 1980 to assess individual differences in empathy as a multidimensional construct. Rather than treating empathy as a single trait, the IRI measures four distinct empathic dimensions: perspective-taking, fantasy, empathic concern, and personal distress. It has become the most widely used multidimensional empathy measure in psychological and social science research. | The Cultural Values Scale is a self-report measure designed to assess individual endorsement of cultural values spanning individualism and collectivism. Developed within the cross-cultural psychology literature, the scale captures how individuals prioritize personal autonomy, achievement, and self-expression against group harmony, interdependence, and collective well-being. It has become a standard tool for understanding cultural orientation in diverse populations. |
| ScholarGateSeti ya data ↗ |
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