Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Kimataifa cha Dalili za Tezi Dume	Kipimo cha Afya ya Mgonjwa-2
Nyanja	Huduma za Afya	Huduma za Afya
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1992	2003
Mwanzilishi	American Urological Association (AUA) and International Prostate Symptom Score Committee	Kurt Kroenke, Robert L. Spitzer, and Janet B. Williams
Aina	Eight-item symptom severity questionnaire	Two-item depression screening instrument
Chanzo asilia	Barry, M. J., Fowler, F. J., O'Leary, M. P., Bruskewitz, R. C., Holtgrewe, H. L., & Mebust, W. K. (1992). The American Urological Association symptom index for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Journal of Urology, 148(5), 1549-1557.	Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2003). The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: validity of a two-item depression screener. Medical Care, 41(11), 1284-1292.
Majina mbadala	IPSS, AUA Symptom Index	PHQ-2, Patient Health Questionnaire
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) is a validated seven-item self-report instrument adopted by the World Health Organization and American Urological Association to measure the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with suspected benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The IPSS comprises items assessing frequency of nocturia, urgency, weak stream, hesitancy, intermittency, and incomplete emptying over the past month. It is the gold standard measure for BPH symptom severity assessment in clinical practice and research.	The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) is an ultra-brief, validated two-item screening instrument developed by Kroenke and colleagues in 2003 to identify major depression in primary care and medical populations. The PHQ-2 assesses the two cardinal symptoms of depression (depressed mood and anhedonia) over the past two weeks using a 0-3 frequency scale. It is the shortest validated depression screening tool enabling routine use in time-constrained clinical settings.