Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Intergroup Threat Scale× | Symbolic Racism 2000 Scale× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Saikolojia ya Siasa | Saikolojia ya Siasa |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1999 | 2002 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Walter G. Stephan & Cookie White Stephan | P. J. Henry & David O. Sears |
| Aina | Self-report attitude scale | Self-report attitude scale |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Stephan, W. G., Ybarra, O., & Bachman, G. (1999). Prejudice toward immigrants. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29(11), 2221-2237. DOI ↗ | Henry, P. J., & Sears, D. O. (2002). The Symbolic Racism 2000 Scale. Political Psychology, 23(2), 253-283. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala≠ | Integrated Threat Scale, Realistic and Symbolic Threat Scale, Perceived Threat Scale | SR2K, Symbolic Racism Scale, Racial Resentment Scale, Modern Racism Scale |
| Zinazohusiana | 4 | 4 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Intergroup Threat Scale operationalizes intergroup (originally integrated) threat theory (Stephan & Stephan), which holds that prejudice toward an out-group arises from perceived realistic threats (to the in-group's resources, power, or welfare) and symbolic threats (to its values, beliefs, and worldview). It is a self-report measure widely used to explain attitudes toward immigrants and other out-groups in political psychology. | The Symbolic Racism 2000 Scale (SR2K), developed by Henry and Sears (2002), is an 8-item self-report measure of symbolic racism, a contemporary, subtle form of anti-Black prejudice that blends early-learned negative affect toward a group with traditional moral values such as individualism and the work ethic. It descends from the symbolic-racism construct introduced by Kinder and Sears (1981) and is closely related to the racial-resentment battery used in the American National Election Studies. |
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