Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Mawasiliano baina ya Vikundi	Kiwango cha Kujiamini kwa Ujumla
Nyanja	Sosholojia ya Siasa	Sosholojia ya Siasa
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1954–2008	1956–1994
Mwanzilishi	Gordon Allport, Thomas Pettigrew, Linda Tropp	Morris Rosenberg, Toshio Yamagishi
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Addison-Wesley.	Rosenberg, M. (1956). Misanthropy, political ideology, and political information. Public Opinion Quarterly, 20(2), 274-290.
Majina mbadala	ICS, Contact Quality Index	GTS, Trust in Strangers
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	The Intergroup Contact Scale measures the quantity and quality of face-to-face interaction between members of different social groups (racial, ethnic, religious, national, or other categories). Rooted in Gordon Allport's contact hypothesis (1954), which proposed that prejudice decreases when groups interact under favorable conditions, the scale is fundamental in research on prejudice reduction, integration, and intergroup relations.	The Generalized Trust Scale measures an individual's propensity to trust people in general, particularly strangers with whom they have no direct relationship. Originally developed by Morris Rosenberg in 1956 and later refined by Toshio Yamagishi and colleagues, it has become foundational in research on social capital, civic participation, and intergroup relations.