Linganisha mbinu

	Utekelezaji wa Namba Kamili	Upangaji wa Vizuizi	Mpangilio wa Malengo
Nyanja	Uboreshaji	Uboreshaji	Ufanyaji Maamuzi
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	MCDM
Mwaka wa asili	1958	2006	1955
Mwanzilishi	Ralph Gomory (cutting planes, 1958); land-and-doig branch-and-bound (1960)	Rossi, van Beek & Walsh	Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W.
Aina	Mathematical optimisation — exact combinatorial method	Declarative combinatorial optimization	Multi-objective optimisation — weighted/lexicographic goal deviation minimisation
Chanzo asilia	Wolsey, L.A. (1998). Integer Programming. Wiley. ISBN: 9780471283669	Rossi, F., van Beek, P., & Walsh, T. (Eds.). (2006). Handbook of Constraint Programming. Elsevier. ISBN: 978-0-444-52726-4	Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W. (1955). Optimal estimation of executive compensation by linear programming. Management Science
Majina mbadala	IP, MIP, mixed-integer programming, mixed-integer linear programming	Constraint Satisfaction Programming, Constraint-Based Optimization, Kısıt Programlama, CSP Optimization	—
Zinazohusiana	4	3	8
Muhtasari	Integer programming (IP), also called mixed-integer programming (MIP) when only some variables are restricted to whole numbers, is a branch of mathematical optimisation in which some or all decision variables must take integer or binary values. Building on linear programming, it was formalised through Ralph Gomory's cutting-plane method (1958) and the Land-and-Doig branch-and-bound algorithm (1960), and it has since become the standard exact framework for scheduling, assignment, routing, and resource-allocation problems.	Constraint Programming (CP) is a declarative optimization paradigm in which a problem is formulated as a set of variables, finite domains, and constraints, and a solver systematically searches for assignments that satisfy all constraints. Formalized comprehensively by Rossi, van Beek, and Walsh in their 2006 Handbook of Constraint Programming, CP unifies propagation-based pruning with intelligent backtracking search to tackle combinatorial problems across scheduling, planning, and configuration domains.	GOAL-PROGRAMMING (Goal Programming — Minimise deviations from multiple aspiration levels) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W. in 1955. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.