Linganisha mbinu

	Njia ya Vigezo vya Ala (IV) kwa Utafutaji wa Kifungo	Regresheni ya Logistiki	Urejeshaji wa Njia ya Viwango Vidogo vya Kawaida (OLS)
Nyanja	Uchumi wa Afya	Takwimu za Utafiti	Ekonometriki
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	1990s (modern applications)	1958	2019
Mwanzilishi	Angrist & Pischke (applied econometrics); rooted in econometric theory	David Roxbee Cox	Wooldridge (textbook treatment); classical least squares
Aina	Method	Method	Linear regression
Chanzo asilia	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J. S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton: Princeton University Press.	Cox, D. R. (1958). The regression analysis of binary sequences. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 20(2), 215–242.	Wooldridge, J. M. (2019). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1337558860
Majina mbadala	IV, two-stage least squares, TSLS, causal estimation	logit model, binomial logistic regression, LR	ordinary least squares, classical linear regression, linear regression, en küçük kareler regresyonu
Zinazohusiana	3	3	5
Muhtasari	Instrumental variables (IV) is an econometric method to estimate causal effects when treatment or exposure is not randomly assigned and confounding is severe or unmeasured. IV relies on a third variable (instrument) that influences treatment but does not directly affect the outcome, allowing researchers to isolate the causal effect from the noise of confounding. Developed extensively in econometrics (Angrist & Pischke, 1990s–2000s), IV methods are increasingly used in health economics and health services research to leverage natural experiments and policy changes.	Logistic regression is a statistical method for modeling the probability of a binary outcome (disease present/absent, success/failure) as a function of continuous and categorical predictors. Developed by David Roxbee Cox (1958), it solves the problem of predicting categorical outcomes by applying a logistic transformation to constrain predictions to the [0,1] probability interval, enabling accurate risk stratification, diagnostic prediction, and causal inference in epidemiology, medicine, and social science.	Ordinary Least Squares is the classical linear regression method that explains a continuous outcome as a linear combination of predictors. It estimates the coefficients by minimising the sum of squared residuals, and under the Gauss-Markov assumptions these estimates are the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE).