Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Uaminifu wa Taasisi	Kiwango cha Maadili ya Kidemokrasia
Nyanja	Sosholojia ya Siasa	Sosholojia ya Siasa
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1975–2011	1999–2015
Mwanzilishi	David Easton, Marc Hetherington, Pippa Norris	Russell Dalton, Hans-Dieter Klingemann, Christian Welzel
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Hetherington, M. J. (2005). Why trust matters: Declining political trust and the demise of American liberalism. Princeton University Press.	Dalton, R. J. (2004). Democratic challenges, democratic choices: The erosion of political support in advanced industrial democracies. Oxford University Press.
Majina mbadala	ITS, Institutional Confidence Index	DVS, Democratic Attitudes Scale
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Institutional Trust Scale measures an individual's confidence and trust in formal political and social institutions including parliament, courts, police, media, and civil service. Distinct from generalized interpersonal trust, institutional trust reflects belief in the legitimacy, fairness, and effectiveness of formal organizations that structure governance and public life. Developed in political science by scholars including David Easton and Marc Hetherington, it is a key indicator of democratic health and governance legitimacy.	The Democratic Values Scale measures commitment to core principles of democratic governance including free speech, rule of law, fair elections, protection of minorities, and transparent institutions. Rather than measuring support for democracy as a system (which is nearly universal in principle), it captures depth of commitment to democratic norms, tolerance for dissent, and willingness to protect rights of political opponents. Developed by comparative political scientists including Dalton, Klingemann, and Welzel, it reveals psychological foundations of democratic stability.