Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Etnografia ya Kitaasisi× | Uchanganuzi wa Wigo× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja≠ | Mbinu za Kimaelezo | Utafiti wa Kimaelezo |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1970s–1987 (developed through the 1970s–80s; consolidated in Smith 1987, 2005) | 1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell) |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Dorothy E. Smith | Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell |
| Aina≠ | Qualitative research method | Method |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105010 | Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman. link ↗ |
| Majina mbadala≠ | IE, sociology for people, institutional ethnographic inquiry, Smith's institutional ethnography | DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 6 | 2 |
| Muhtasari≠ | Institutional Ethnography (IE) is a qualitative research method developed by Canadian sociologist Dorothy E. Smith that investigates how people's everyday lives are shaped and coordinated by institutional texts, rules, and relations of power. Starting from the lived experience of individuals in a particular standpoint, IE traces the social organization that governs their work and troubles — revealing how macro-level institutions operate through the micro-level activities of real people. | Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures. |
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