Linganisha mbinu

	Kielezo cha Ukali wa Usumbufu wa Usingizi (ISI)	Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS)	Kipimo kifupi cha Tathmini ya Akili (BPRS)
Nyanja	Saikiatria	Saikiatria	Saikiatria
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2001	2000	1962
Mwanzilishi	Charles M. Morin	Christos R. Soldatos	John E. Overall
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire	Clinician-administered rating scale
Chanzo asilia	Morin, C. M., Belleville, G., Bélanger, L., & Ivers, H. (2011). The Insomnia Severity Index: Psychometric indicators to detect insomnia cases and evaluate treatment response. Sleep, 34(5), 601–608.	Soldatos, C. R., Dikeos, D. G., & Paparrigopoulos, T. J. (2000). Athens Insomnia Scale: Validation of an instrument based on ICD-10 criteria. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 48(6), 555–560.	Overall, J. E., & Gorham, D. R. (1962). The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychological Reports, 10(3), 799–812.
Majina mbadala	ISI	AIS	BPRS, BPRS-E (expanded 24-item version)
Zinazohusiana	3	3	3
Muhtasari	The ISI is a 7-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess the severity of insomnia in adolescents and adults. Developed by Morin and colleagues and validated in 2001, it measures difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, early morning awakening, and daytime functional impairment due to sleep problems. The ISI is brief (2–3 minutes), psychometrically sound, and widely adopted in sleep research, primary care, and behavioral sleep medicine clinics for screening, baseline assessment, and treatment monitoring.	The AIS is an 8-item self-report scale designed to assess insomnia severity in adolescents and adults, based on ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for insomnia disorder. Developed by Soldatos and colleagues in 2000, it is widely used in European primary care, psychiatry, and sleep medicine for screening and severity assessment. The AIS is brief (3–5 minutes), applicable across ages and cultures, and sensitive to treatment-induced change in both pharmacological and behavioral interventions.	The BPRS is an 18-item clinician-administered scale for rapid assessment of psychiatric symptom severity in psychotic and other major psychiatric disorders. Developed by Overall and Gorham in 1962, it remains widely used in clinical settings and research trials due to its brevity (administration 15–20 minutes), broad symptom coverage (psychotic, mood, and behavioral symptoms), and robust psychometric properties. The BPRS is particularly valued in acute psychiatry, inpatient units, and longitudinal monitoring where quick, repeated assessments are needed.