Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Impact of Event Scale× | Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Saikolojia ya Trauma | Saikolojia ya Trauma |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1997 | 1996 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Daniel S. Weiss & Charles R. Marmar | Richard G. Tedeschi & Lawrence G. Calhoun |
| Aina | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Weiss, D. S., & Marmar, C. R. (1997). The Impact of Event Scale—Revised. In J. P. Wilson & T. M. Keane (Eds.), Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD (pp. 399-411). Guilford Press. DOI ↗ | Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1996). The Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9(3), 455-471. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | IES-R, Revised Impact of Event Scale | PTGI, Tedeschi and Calhoun PTGI |
| Zinazohusiana | 3 | 3 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The IES-R is a 22-item self-report scale measuring subjective distress from a specific traumatic event. Developed by Weiss and Marmar in 1997 as a revision of the original 1979 Impact of Event Scale, it assesses posttraumatic stress symptoms along three core dimensions: intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal. The scale is widely used in clinical research, trauma assessment, and treatment monitoring. | The PTGI is a 21-item self-report scale measuring positive psychological outcomes and personal growth reported after trauma exposure. Developed by Tedeschi and Calhoun in 1996, the PTGI operationalizes the construct of posttraumatic growth (PTG)—the experience of positive life change accompanying psychological struggle with trauma. Unlike scales measuring psychopathology or symptom severity, the PTGI captures meaningful psychological and existential shifts often reported by trauma survivors, including enhanced relationships, increased personal strength, spiritual change, and life appreciation. |
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