Linganisha mbinu

	Maswali ya Mtazamo wa Ugonjwa	Kiwango cha Mfumo wa Imani za Afya
Nyanja	Tabia za Afya	Tabia za Afya
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2002	1966
Mwanzilishi	Rosalyn Moss-Morris, John Weinman, Keith J. Petrie, and colleagues	Marshall H. Rosenstock
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Moss-Morris, R., Weinman, J., Petrie, K. J., Horne, R., Cameron, L. D., & Buick, D. (2002). The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R). Psychology and Health, 17(1), 1-16.	Rosenstock, I. M. (1966). Why people use health services. Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 44(3), 94-127.
Majina mbadala	IPQ-R, Illness Perception Questionnaire	HBM Scale, HBM-Q
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The Illness Perception Questionnaire—Revised (IPQ-R) is a 70-item measure (brief version: 38 items) developed by Moss-Morris and colleagues (2002) to assess how individuals perceive and cognitively represent their illness. Based on Leventhal's Common Sense Model of illness representation, the IPQ-R measures nine dimensions: Identity (symptoms associated with the illness), Timeline (perceived duration and course), Consequences (expected impacts on functioning and quality of life), Personal Control (perceived ability to influence the illness), Treatment Control (perceived effectiveness of medical treatment), Illness Coherence (understanding of the illness), Concern (worry about the illness), Emotions (emotional responses to the illness), and Causation (attributed causes of illness). These cognitive representations profoundly influence coping behaviors, treatment adherence, emotional well-being, and actual health outcomes. The IPQ-R is widely used in chronic disease management (diabetes, asthma, cardiac disease, arthritis), mental health, rehabilitation, and health psychology research to understand illness-specific beliefs and to guide psychosocial interventions.	The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a foundational psychological framework developed by Marshall Rosenstock in 1966 to predict and explain preventive health behavior. Based on the central premise that people take health action to avoid illness when they perceive susceptibility to a health threat and believe that taking action will reduce that threat at an acceptable cost, the HBM measures four core constructs: Perceived Susceptibility, Perceived Severity, Perceived Benefits, and Perceived Barriers. The model also incorporates 'Cues to Action' (external triggers) and 'Self-Efficacy' (added later). HBM is extensively used in research on disease prevention, health screening uptake, medication adherence, and vaccine acceptance.