Linganisha mbinu

	HSQC	Upimaji wa Misa wa Mfumo wa Kugeuza Mvutano wa Mvutano wa Mvutano (FT-ICR)	NOESY
Nyanja	Spektroskopia	Spektroskopia	Spektroskopia
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1980	1974	1981
Mwanzilishi	Anil Kumar	Alan Marshall	Richard Ernst
Aina	Heteronuclear correlation sequence	Mass spectrometry technique	Two-dimensional pulse sequence
Chanzo asilia	Bodenhausen, G., & Ruben, D. J. (1981). Natural abundance nitrogen-15 NMR by enhanced heteronuclear spectroscopy. Chemical Physics Letters, 69(2), 185-189.	Comisarow, M. B., & Marshall, A. G. (1974). Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy. Chemical Physics Letters, 25(2), 282-283.	Aue, W. P., Bartholdi, E., & Ernst, R. R. (1976). Two-dimensional spectroscopy. Application to nuclear magnetic resonance. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 64(5), 2229-2246.
Majina mbadala	HSQC NMR, 1H-13C HSQC, heteronuclear correlation	FT-ICR-MS, Fourier Transform ICR, ICR mass spectrometry	NOE spectroscopy, 2D NOESY, NOE NMR
Zinazohusiana	4	4	3
Muhtasari	Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Coherence (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that correlates proton and carbon-13 (or other heteronuclei) chemical shifts through one-bond coupling constants (1JHX). Developed in the early 1980s, HSQC rapidly became the workhorse of structural chemistry because it directly maps which carbons bear which protons, providing a comprehensive view of carbon skeleton connectivity and substitution patterns.	Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry is an advanced analytical technique that combines magnetic confinement of ions with Fourier transform data processing to achieve exceptional mass accuracy and resolution. Developed by Comisarow and Marshall in 1974, FT-ICR-MS enables the determination of exact masses and elemental compositions of complex molecules, making it invaluable for environmental chemistry, metabolomics, petroleum characterization, and structural elucidation of unknowns.	Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement Spectroscopy (NOESY) is a 2D NMR technique that detects through-space dipolar coupling between protons, rather than through-bond scalar coupling. Introduced by Macura and Ernst in 1981, NOESY reveals which protons are spatially close in the three-dimensional structure, independent of bonding connectivity. This makes NOESY invaluable for determining molecular conformation, assigning stereochemistry, and elucidating protein folds.