Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Uundaji wa Laini wa Kihierarkia (HLM / Uundaji wa Viwango Vingi)× | Uchanganuzi wa Faulo wa Njia Moja× | ANOVA ya Vipimo Rudia× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Takwimu | Takwimu | Takwimu |
| Familia | Hypothesis test | Hypothesis test | Hypothesis test |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1986 | 1925 | 1992 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Raudenbush & Bryk (popularized); Goldstein (parallel development) | Ronald A. Fisher | Girden (textbook treatment); Field (2013) |
| Aina≠ | Parametric nested-data regression | Parametric mean comparison | Parametric within-subjects mean comparison |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Raudenbush, S.W. & Bryk, A.S. (2002). Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0761919049 | Fisher, R. A. (1925). Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. link ↗ | Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th ed., Ch. 14). SAGE. ISBN: 978-1446249185 |
| Majina mbadala≠ | HLM, MLM, multilevel modeling, multilevel analysis | one-factor ANOVA, single-factor ANOVA, analysis of variance, tek yönlü ANOVA | within-subjects ANOVA, repeated measures analysis of variance, rm-ANOVA, Tekrarlı Ölçüm ANOVA |
| Zinazohusiana | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Muhtasari≠ | Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM), also known as Multilevel Modeling (MLM), is a parametric statistical method for analyzing nested or clustered data — for example students within classrooms, patients within hospitals, or employees within organizations. Formalized by Raudenbush and Bryk in their 2002 seminal text (building on work from the mid-1980s), HLM simultaneously estimates individual-level and group-level effects while correctly partitioning variance across levels. | One-way ANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the means of three or more independent groups on a single continuous outcome to decide whether at least one group mean differs. It rests on the variance-partitioning framework introduced by Ronald A. Fisher in 1925. | Repeated-measures ANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares three or more measurements taken from the same individuals — typically across time points or conditions — to decide whether their means differ. It extends one-way ANOVA to within-subjects designs, as treated in standard references such as Girden (1992) and Field (2013). |
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