Linganisha mbinu

	Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) ya Kihierarkia	Monte Carlo Sekwenshiali
Nyanja	Mbinu za Bayes	Mbinu za Bayes
Familia	Bayesian methods	Bayesian methods
Mwaka wa asili	2009–2010	1993 (particle filter); 2006 (SMC samplers)
Mwanzilishi	Toni, Welch, Strelkowa, Ipsen & Stumpf (building on Pritchard et al. 1999 and Beaumont et al. 2002)	Gordon, Salmond & Smith (particle filter); Del Moral, Doucet & Jasra (SMC samplers)
Aina	simulation-based Bayesian inference	Sequential Bayesian computation
Chanzo asilia	Toni, T. & Stumpf, M. P. H. (2010). Simulation-based model selection for dynamical systems in systems and population biology. Bioinformatics, 26(1), 104–110.	Gordon, N. J., Salmond, D. J., & Smith, A. F. M. (1993). Novel approach to nonlinear/non-Gaussian Bayesian state estimation. IEE Proceedings F - Radar and Signal Processing, 140(2), 107–113.
Majina mbadala	hierarchical ABC, ABC for hierarchical models, multilevel ABC, population ABC	SMC, particle filter, sequential importance resampling, SMC sampler
Zinazohusiana	4	6
Muhtasari	Hierarchical ABC is a likelihood-free Bayesian inference method designed for multilevel data structures in which individual-level parameters are themselves drawn from a population-level distribution. By combining simulation-based rejection sampling with hierarchical pooling, it recovers both within-group and between-group posterior distributions without requiring a tractable likelihood function.	Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) is a family of simulation-based algorithms that approximate evolving probability distributions by propagating and reweighting a cloud of weighted random draws called particles. It handles nonlinear, non-Gaussian models and streams of data naturally, making it the method of choice for real-time state estimation and posterior approximation over complex distributions.