Linganisha mbinu

	Uchambuzi wa Usikivu wa Athari za Matibabu Zilizotofautiana kwa Uhalisia	Tofauti-katika-Tofauti (Diff-in-Diff)
Nyanja	Uhitimisho wa Kisababishi	Ekonometriki
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	2000s–2010s	1994
Mwanzilishi	Rosenbaum (sensitivity analysis framework); extended to heterogeneous effects by Crump, Imbens, and others	Card & Krueger (canonical 1994 application); Angrist & Pischke (textbook treatment)
Aina	Robustness / sensitivity check	Causal inference / panel regression
Chanzo asilia	Rosenbaum, P. R. (2002). Observational Studies (2nd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-0387989679	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355
Majina mbadala	HTE sensitivity analysis, heterogeneous-effects sensitivity analysis, sensitivity analysis with effect heterogeneity, HTE robustness analysis	diff-in-diff, DiD, Farkların Farkı (Diff-in-Diff)
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	Heterogeneous Treatment Effect Sensitivity Analysis examines how robust subgroup-specific causal estimates are to unobserved confounding. Rather than testing a single average treatment effect, it asks whether the estimated variation in treatment effects across units or subgroups could be explained away by hidden bias, and at what level of hidden bias the causal conclusions for each subgroup would break down.	Difference-in-Differences is a causal-inference method that estimates the effect of an intervention by comparing how a treatment group and a control group change over time. Made famous by Card and Krueger's 1994 minimum-wage study and developed in Angrist and Pischke's Mostly Harmless Econometrics, it isolates the treatment effect as the difference between the two groups' before-after changes.