Linganisha mbinu

	Utafiti wa Tukio la Athari za Matibabu Zisizo Fanana wa Paneli	Tofauti-katika-Tofauti (Diff-in-Diff)
Nyanja	Uhitimisho wa Kisababishi	Ekonometriki
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	2021	1994
Mwanzilishi	Sun & Abraham; Callaway & Sant'Anna	Card & Krueger (canonical 1994 application); Angrist & Pischke (textbook treatment)
Aina	Causal inference / quasi-experimental	Causal inference / panel regression
Chanzo asilia	Sun, L., & Abraham, S. (2021). Estimating dynamic treatment effects in event studies with heterogeneous treatment effects. Journal of Econometrics, 225(2), 175-199.	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355
Majina mbadala	HTE panel event study, heterogeneous effects event study, staggered panel event study, CATT event study	diff-in-diff, DiD, Farkların Farkı (Diff-in-Diff)
Zinazohusiana	4	5
Muhtasari	A heterogeneous treatment effect panel event study estimates how treatment impacts vary across units and over time in a panel setting, allowing each cohort of treated units to have its own dynamic response. Seminal contributions by Sun and Abraham (2021) and Callaway and Sant'Anna (2021) showed that standard two-way fixed-effects event studies mask sign-reversing treatment heterogeneity across cohorts, motivating cohort-specific estimation followed by flexible aggregation.	Difference-in-Differences is a causal-inference method that estimates the effect of an intervention by comparing how a treatment group and a control group change over time. Made famous by Card and Krueger's 1994 minimum-wage study and developed in Angrist and Pischke's Mostly Harmless Econometrics, it isolates the treatment effect as the difference between the two groups' before-after changes.