Linganisha mbinu

	Fomu ya Vipengele vya Tiba Vinavyosaidia	Kipimo cha Matokeo (Outcome Rating Scale)
Nyanja	Utafiti wa Saikoterapia	Utafiti wa Saikoterapia
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1988	2003
Mwanzilishi	Sara P. Llewellyn; Robert Elliott	Scott D. Miller, Barry L. Duncan
Aina	Client-rated	Client-rated
Chanzo asilia	Llewellyn, S. P., Foo, S., & Stam, H. J. (1988). Assessing psychotherapy outcome: Clients' perspectives. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 22(2), 191–206.	Miller, S. D., Duncan, B. L., Brown, J., Sparks, J. A., & Claud, D. A. (2003). The Outcome Rating Scale: Preliminary validity studies of a brief, visual, general measure of session effectiveness. Journal of Brief Therapy, 5(2), 23–33.
Majina mbadala	HAT, Helpful Aspects Questionnaire	ORS, ORS-4
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Helpful Aspects of Therapy (HAT) form is a semi-structured client feedback instrument designed to capture the client's perception of what was most beneficial or helpful in a therapy session or course of treatment. Developed by Llewellyn and refined by Elliott, the HAT combines open-ended narrative response with structured rating scales, enabling rich qualitative insight alongside quantitative comparison. It is used in qualitative outcome research and clinical feedback systems to understand mechanisms of change from the client's perspective.	The Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) is a 4-item ultra-brief symptom and wellbeing measure designed to track subjective improvement across individual, interpersonal, social, and overall functioning dimensions. Developed by Miller and Duncan, the ORS uses visual analog scales to enable session-by-session outcome monitoring in clinical practice and research. It is paired with the Session Rating Scale (SRS) in measurement-based care protocols to simultaneously track what clients feel and how they are functioning.