Linganisha mbinu

	Chombo cha Uhai wa Timu za Utunzaji wa Afya	Maswali ya Mitazamo ya Usalama
Nyanja	Usimamizi wa Huduma za Afya	Usimamizi wa Huduma za Afya
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2015	2000
Mwanzilishi	Metersky, M. L., and colleagues; based on organizational team cohesion research	John B. Sexton, Robert L. Helmreich, and colleagues (University of Texas)
Aina	Self-report	Self-report
Chanzo asilia	Metersky, M. L., Garman, A., Li, X., & Teplitsky, M. (2015). Cohesion and teamwork in the ICU: Validation of the Health Care Team Vital Instrument. American Journal of Medical Quality, 30(1), 44–52.	Sexton, J. B., Helmreich, R. L., Neilands, T. B., Rowan, K., Vella, K., Boyden, J., Roberts, P. R., & Thomas, E. J. (2006). The Safety Attitudes Questionnaire: psychometric properties, benchmarking data, and emerging research. BMC Health Services Research, 6, 44.
Majina mbadala	HTVI	SAQ
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Healthcare Team Vitality Instrument (HTVI) is a brief, 5-item survey designed to measure healthcare team cohesion, communication quality, and shared purpose—dimensions of team "vitality" that are associated with effective teamwork and patient safety. Developed by Metersky and colleagues and validated in intensive care units and surgical units, the HTVI assesses whether team members perceive themselves as a cohesive unit with clear goals, good communication, and mutual respect. The instrument is particularly valued for its brevity (takes <2 minutes) and its ability to rapidly assess team dynamics in clinical settings where administrative burden is a barrier to survey completion.	The Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) is a 60-item self-report instrument developed by Sexton and colleagues in the early 2000s to measure organizational safety culture in healthcare settings. Adapted from crew resource management research in aviation, the SAQ assesses clinician and non-clinician perceptions of safety attitudes across six key dimensions. It is widely used in hospital quality improvement and research to identify gaps in safety culture and benchmark institutional performance.