Linganisha mbinu

	Kipimo cha Wasiwasi na Msongo wa Mawazo Hospitalini (HADS)	Kiwango cha Afya kwa Ujumla-12 (GHQ-12)	Kipimo cha Tathmini ya Wasiwasi cha Hamilton (HAM-A)
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Kliniki	Saikolojia ya Kliniki	Saikolojia ya Kliniki
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1983	1992	1959
Mwanzilishi	Andrew S. Zigmond and Richard P. Snaith	David P. Goldberg	Max Hamilton
Aina	Anxiety and depression screening in medical populations	Psychiatric symptom screening	Clinician-administered anxiety assessment
Chanzo asilia	Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370.	Goldberg, D. P. (1972). The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire. Oxford University Press.	Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32(1), 50-55.
Majina mbadala	HADS, HADS-A, HADS-D	GHQ-12, GHQ	HAM-A, HARS
Zinazohusiana	4	5	5
Muhtasari	The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in medically ill populations. Developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983, the HADS was specifically designed for hospital and general medical settings where somatic symptoms of medical illness may confound assessment. It remains the standard anxiety-depression measure in medical, oncology, and cardiac populations worldwide.	The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) is a brief, 12-item self-report screening instrument for psychological distress and mental health problems in the general population. Developed by David P. Goldberg, the GHQ-12 is the most widely used short form of the longer General Health Questionnaire series. It is designed for rapid detection of minor psychiatric morbidity and assessment of psychological well-being in clinical, occupational health, and community settings.	The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is a clinician-administered assessment tool for quantifying the severity of anxiety symptoms in adults. Developed by Max Hamilton in 1959, it remains one of the most widely used instruments for evaluating anxiety in clinical and research settings. The scale measures both psychological and somatic manifestations of anxiety across 14 items.