Linganisha mbinu

	GRADE Evidence Profiling: Kutathmini Uhakika wa Ushahidi na Nguvu ya Pendekezo	Cochrane RoB 2.0
Nyanja	Metodolojia ya Utafiti	Metodolojia ya Utafiti
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2008	2019
Mwanzilishi	Guyatt et al. (GRADE Working Group)	Jonathan Sterne, Julian Higgins (Cochrane Collaboration)
Aina	Research team / Guideline panel assessment	Clinician-rated / Research team assessment
Chanzo asilia	Guyatt, G., Oxman, A. D., Vist, G. E., Kunz, R., Falck-Ytter, Y., Alonso-Coello, P., & Schünemann, H. J. (2008). GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ, 336(7650), 924–926.	Sterne, J. A., Savović, J., Page, M. J., Elbers, R. G., Blencowe, N. S., Boutron, I., ... & Higgins, J. P. (2019). RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ, 366, l4898.
Majina mbadala	GRADE, GRADE approach	RoB 2.0, RoB 2
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) is a systematic, transparent framework for assessing the certainty of evidence and determining the strength of clinical recommendations in healthcare. Published in 2008 by Guyatt et al., GRADE has become the international standard for guideline development, used by the World Health Organization, Cochrane, and most major clinical guideline organizations worldwide.	RoB 2 is the Cochrane Collaboration's updated methodology for assessing the risk of bias in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Published in 2019, it replaced the original Cochrane RoB tool with a more structured, transparent approach using signalling questions and domain-based judgments to evaluate five critical sources of bias.