Linganisha mbinu

	Upimaji wa Ubora wa Kufaa	Kosa la Wastani Lililopigwa Mraba (MSE)
Nyanja	Tathmini ya Modeli	Tathmini ya Modeli
Familia	MCDM	MCDM
Mwaka wa asili	1900	1809
Mwanzilishi	Karl Pearson	Carl Friedrich Gauss
Aina	Hypothesis testing framework for model adequacy	Squared-error loss function
Chanzo asilia	Pearson, K. (1900). On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable in the case of a correlated system of variables is such that it can be reasonably supposed to have arisen from random sampling. Philosophical Magazine, 50(302), 157-175.	Gauss, C. F. (1809). Theoria Motus Corporum Coelestium in Sectionibus Conicis Solem Ambientium. Hamburg: Perthes and Besser.
Majina mbadala	goodness of fit test, GOF test, model fit assessment	MSE, L2 error, quadratic error
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Goodness-of-fit (GOF) testing is a framework for assessing whether observed data are consistent with a hypothesized probability distribution or model. Originating from Karl Pearson's chi-square test (1900), GOF tests quantify the discrepancy between data and model predictions, yielding p-values to judge whether observed deviations are statistically significant or due to random chance.	Mean Squared Error is the foundational loss function for regression models, measuring the average squared deviation between predictions and observations. Originating from Gauss and Legendre's method of least squares (1805-1809), MSE is the basis for ordinary least squares regression and remains central to modern machine learning optimization.