Linganisha mbinu

	Glottochronology	Uchambuzi wa Kimofolojia
Nyanja	Isimu	Uchimbaji wa Matini
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1950	1980
Mwanzilishi	Morris Swadesh	M.F. Porter (Porter stemmer)
Aina	Empirical process pipeline	Text-normalisation preprocessing task
Chanzo asilia	Swadesh, M. (1950). Salish internal relationships. International Journal of American Linguistics, 16(3), 157-167.	Porter, M.F. (1980). An Algorithm for Suffix Stripping. Program, 14(3), 130-137.
Majina mbadala	Lexicostatistics, Glottochronological Dating	stemming, lemmatization, Morfolojik Analiz ve Kök Bulma
Zinazohusiana	2	4
Muhtasari	Glottochronology, or lexicostatistics, is a quantitative method in historical linguistics that estimates the time of divergence between related languages based on the proportion of shared cognates in their basic vocabularies. Developed by Morris Swadesh in 1950, the method assumes that core vocabulary items change at a relatively constant rate over time, allowing linguists to calculate a 'time depth'—how long ago two languages shared a common ancestor. Though controversial due to its restrictive assumptions, glottochronology provides rough temporal estimates when archaeological or written records are unavailable.	Morphological analysis splits words into their stems and affixes so that different surface forms of the same word can be treated as one. It covers two complementary approaches — rule-based stemming, such as the Porter (1980) and Snowball algorithms, and dictionary-aware lemmatization — and is a critical text-normalisation step for agglutinative languages such as Turkish and Arabic.