Linganisha mbinu

	Mfumo Mkuu wa Kosa la Kina (SEM)	Moran's I
Nyanja	Uchanganuzi wa Kimaeneo	Uchanganuzi wa Kimaeneo
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	1988	1950
Mwanzilishi	Luc Anselin	Patrick A. P. Moran
Aina	Spatial regression model	Spatial autocorrelation statistic
Chanzo asilia	Anselin, L. (1988). Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN: 978-9024737322	Moran, P. A. P. (1950). Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena. Biometrika, 37(1/2), 17–23.
Majina mbadala	SEM, spatial error model, spatial error regression, global SEM	Moran's I statistic, global Moran's I, spatial autocorrelation index, Moran index
Zinazohusiana	5	6
Muhtasari	The Global Spatial Error Model (SEM) is a spatial regression technique that accounts for spatially autocorrelated error terms using a single, globally constant spatial parameter. It separates genuine predictor effects from spatial nuisance dependence in the residuals, yielding unbiased and efficient coefficient estimates when spatial error correlation is present across all observations.	Moran's I is the standard global statistic for detecting spatial autocorrelation: whether nearby locations tend to share similar values. The index ranges from approximately −1 (perfect dispersion) through 0 (spatial randomness) to +1 (perfect clustering), allowing researchers to test whether a geographic pattern differs from complete spatial randomness with a single, interpretable number.