Linganisha mbinu

	Nadharia ya Ujumlishaji (G-Theory)	Mofumo wa Rasch
Nyanja	Saikometriki	Saikometriki
Familia	Latent structure	Latent structure
Mwaka wa asili	1963	1960
Mwanzilishi	Lee J. Cronbach and colleagues	Georg Rasch
Aina	ANOVA-based variance-component framework	Item Response Theory / Latent trait model
Chanzo asilia	Brennan, R. L. (2001). Generalizability Theory. Springer.	Rasch, G. (1960). Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests. Danish Institute for Educational Research, Copenhagen.
Majina mbadala	Generalizability Theory, G-Study / D-Study framework, Genellenebilirlik Kuramı (G-Kuramı)	1PL IRT, one-parameter logistic model, Rasch Modeli — 1PL IRT, 1PL model
Zinazohusiana	6	6
Muhtasari	Generalizability Theory, developed by Lee J. Cronbach and colleagues in the 1960s and formalised by Brennan (2001), is an ANOVA-based framework that extends Classical Test Theory by decomposing observed score variance into multiple, separately identified sources of measurement error — such as raters, tasks, occasions, or items — rather than bundling all error into a single undifferentiated term.	The Rasch model, introduced by Georg Rasch in 1960, is the simplest member of the Item Response Theory (IRT) family. It assigns a single difficulty parameter to each test item and places both item difficulties and person abilities on the same logit scale, enabling direct, sample-independent comparison of items and persons.