Linganisha mbinu

	Framing Effects Experiment	Elaboration Likelihood Analysis
Nyanja	Communication	Communication
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1987	1986
Mwanzilishi	Iyengar & Kinder (effects tradition); Chong & Druckman (synthesis)	Richard Petty & John Cacioppo
Aina	Randomized experiment isolating the causal effect of message frames on attitudes	Dual-process experimental analysis of attitude change
Chanzo asilia	Iyengar, S., & Kinder, D. R. (1987). News That Matters: Television and American Opinion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 9780226388571	Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. In Communication and Persuasion (pp. 1–24). New York: Springer.
Majina mbadala	Framing experiment, Message framing experiment, Equivalence and emphasis framing experiment, Çerçeveleme Etkisi Deneyi	ELM analysis, Dual-process persuasion experiment, Central and peripheral route analysis, Ayrıntılandırma Olasılığı Modeli Analizi
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	A framing effects experiment is a randomized design that isolates the causal impact of how a message is framed — which considerations it emphasizes — on people's attitudes, judgments, or behavior. By randomly assigning participants to read otherwise comparable messages that differ only in their frame, it provides the causal counterpart to the descriptive framing analysis of media content.	Elaboration likelihood analysis applies Petty and Cacioppo's 1986 Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) to study persuasion through experiments that cross message argument quality with peripheral cues under varying levels of audience motivation and ability to think. It identifies whether attitude change travels the central route — effortful scrutiny of arguments — or the peripheral route, reliance on simple cues like source attractiveness or message length.