Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha FRAIL (FRAIL Scale)	Mahojiano ya Simu kwa Hali ya Utambuzi
Nyanja	Jerontolojia	Jerontolojia
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2012	1988
Mwanzilishi	John E. Morley	J.C. Breitner
Aina	Clinician-administered questionnaire	Telephone-administered cognitive interview
Chanzo asilia	Morley, J. E., Vellas, B., van Kan, G. A., et al. (2013). Frailty consensus: a call to action. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 14(6), 392-397.	Breitner, J. C., Folstein, M. F., & Murphy, E. A. (1989). Familial aggregation in Alzheimer dementia: comparison of risk estimates. Genet Epidemiol, 6(1), 35-45.
Majina mbadala	FRAIL Scale, FRAIL Index	TICS, TICS-m, Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	The FRAIL Scale is a brief, five-item clinical screening tool developed by John E. Morley and colleagues to identify frailty in older adults. Designed as a simple and efficient alternative to more comprehensive frailty assessments, it incorporates the key domains of the frailty phenotype: fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illness, and weight loss. The FRAIL Scale is widely used in primary care, hospital, and long-term care settings to stratify risk and guide management decisions.	The Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) is a telephone-administered cognitive screening instrument developed by Breitner and colleagues in the late 1980s and modified (TICS-m) to assess cognitive function in older adults via remote interview. Designed for epidemiological studies and clinical research where in-person assessment is impractical or resource-intensive, the TICS combines questions assessing orientation, attention, language, memory, and reasoning in a format suitable for administration by trained interviewers without specialized clinical equipment. It has become widely used in longitudinal cohort studies, clinical trials, and telemedicine settings for cognitive screening and monitoring.