Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Mfumo wa Athari Zilizofichwa za Fourier× | Kipimo cha Mipaka cha Fourier ARDL× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Ekonometriki | Ekonometriki |
| Familia | Regression model | Regression model |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 2006–2012 | 2001-2021 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Enders & Lee (building on Becker, Enders & Lee framework) | Pesaran, Shin & Smith (ARDL foundation); Fourier extension by Nazlioglu and related authors |
| Aina≠ | Panel regression with Fourier terms | Cointegration / bounds test |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Enders, W., & Lee, J. (2012). A unit root test using a Fourier series to approximate smooth breaks. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 74(4), 574–599. DOI ↗ | Nazlioglu, S., Gormus, A., & Soytas, U. (2021). Oil prices and monetary policy in emerging markets: structural breaks, asymmetries, and Fourier approximations. Energy Economics, 95, 105119. link ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | Fourier FE model, Fourier panel fixed effects, trigonometric fixed effects regression, smooth structural break fixed effects | Fourier ARDL, Fourier bounds testing, ARDL with Fourier approximation, F-ARDL cointegration test |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 6 | 5 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Fourier fixed effects model extends standard panel fixed effects regression by augmenting the specification with low-frequency Fourier (trigonometric) terms. These sine and cosine components approximate unknown, smooth structural shifts in the time trend without requiring the researcher to pre-specify break dates, combining within-unit identification with flexible trend modelling. | The Fourier ARDL bounds test augments the Pesaran-Shin-Smith cointegration framework with trigonometric (Fourier) terms that capture gradual, smooth structural breaks in the data-generating process. It tests for a long-run level relationship between variables without requiring the researcher to specify the number, timing, or form of structural breaks in advance. |
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