Linganisha mbinu

	Utafiti wa Kikundi cha Lengo	Uchanganuzi wa Kaida
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1940s (sociological origin); modern applied form from the 1980s–1990s	2006
Mwanzilishi	Robert K. Merton (sociological precursor, 1940s); popularised in applied research by Richard A. Krueger	Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke
Aina	Qualitative data collection method	Method
Chanzo asilia	Krueger, R.A. & Casey, M.A. (2014). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (5th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483365244	Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
Majina mbadala	focus group discussion, FGD, group interview, Odak Grup Araştırması	TA, Reflexive Thematic Analysis
Zinazohusiana	6	3
Muhtasari	Focus group research is a qualitative data-collection method in which a trained moderator guides structured discussions with homogeneous groups of six to ten participants to explore ideas, attitudes, and perceptions on a defined topic. Developed from sociological roots in the 1940s and systematised for applied research by Krueger and Casey, the method leverages group interaction as a data source — revealing not just what people think, but how they negotiate and articulate views in a social setting.	Thematic Analysis (TA) is a qualitative research methodology for identifying, analyzing, and reporting patterns (themes) in qualitative data. Developed systematically by Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke (2006), TA is flexible and accessible, applicable across diverse theoretical frameworks and data types, making it one of the most widely used qualitative methods in psychology, health research, and social sciences.