Linganisha mbinu

	Utafiti wa Kikundi cha Lengo	Utafiti wa Utafiti Mtandaoni
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Metodolojia ya Dodoso
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1940s (sociological origin); modern applied form from the 1980s–1990s	Mid-1990s (widespread scholarly adoption ~1995–2000)
Mwanzilishi	Robert K. Merton (sociological precursor, 1940s); popularised in applied research by Richard A. Krueger	Mick P. Couper, Don A. Dillman (early systematic frameworks)
Aina	Qualitative data collection method	Quantitative / mixed-methods data collection technique
Chanzo asilia	Krueger, R.A. & Casey, M.A. (2014). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (5th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483365244	Couper, M. P. (2000). Web surveys: A review of issues and approaches. Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(4), 464–494.
Majina mbadala	focus group discussion, FGD, group interview, Odak Grup Araştırması	web survey, internet survey, e-survey, computer-assisted web interviewing
Zinazohusiana	6	6
Muhtasari	Focus group research is a qualitative data-collection method in which a trained moderator guides structured discussions with homogeneous groups of six to ten participants to explore ideas, attitudes, and perceptions on a defined topic. Developed from sociological roots in the 1940s and systematised for applied research by Krueger and Casey, the method leverages group interaction as a data source — revealing not just what people think, but how they negotiate and articulate views in a social setting.	An online survey is a structured data collection instrument hosted on a web platform and completed by respondents via internet-connected devices. It enables large-scale, geographically dispersed data gathering at low cost and with rapid turnaround. Respondents self-administer the questionnaire at their convenience, which reduces interviewer bias and permits automatic data capture. Online surveys are the dominant mode of survey research in social, behavioural, health, and market research today.