Linganisha mbinu

	Utafiti wa Kikundi cha Lengo	Utafiti wa kifani
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1940s (sociological origin); modern applied form from the 1980s–1990s	1984 (seminal codification)
Mwanzilishi	Robert K. Merton (sociological precursor, 1940s); popularised in applied research by Richard A. Krueger	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)
Aina	Qualitative data collection method	Qualitative research design
Chanzo asilia	Krueger, R.A. & Casey, M.A. (2014). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (5th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483365244	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169
Majina mbadala	focus group discussion, FGD, group interview, Odak Grup Araştırması	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology
Zinazohusiana	6	5
Muhtasari	Focus group research is a qualitative data-collection method in which a trained moderator guides structured discussions with homogeneous groups of six to ten participants to explore ideas, attitudes, and perceptions on a defined topic. Developed from sociological roots in the 1940s and systematised for applied research by Krueger and Casey, the method leverages group interaction as a data source — revealing not just what people think, but how they negotiate and articulate views in a social setting.	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.