Linganisha mbinu

	Ufuatiliaji wa Mizani ya Maji	Tathmini ya Hatari ya Kuanguka kwa Mgonjwa
Nyanja	Uuguzi	Uuguzi
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1950	2000
Mwanzilishi	Clinical nursing and medical practice standard	Multiple researchers (Oliver, Hendrich, and colleagues)
Aina	Monitoring protocol	Assessment protocol
Chanzo asilia	Scales, K., & Pilsworth, J. (2008). The importance of fluid balance in clinical practice. Nursing Standard, 22(47), 50-57.	Hendrich, A. L., Bender, P. S., & Nyhuis, A. (2003). Validation of the Hendrich II Fall Risk Model: a large concurrent case/control study of hospitalized patients. Applied Nursing Research, 16(3), 159-171.
Majina mbadala	I&O Monitoring, Fluid Assessment, Hydration Status Assessment	Fall Risk Screening, Fall Prevention Assessment, PFRA
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Fluid Balance Monitoring is a systematic nursing process for tracking and comparing fluid intake and output to maintain adequate hydration and detect abnormalities in fluid status. By measuring all sources of fluid intake (oral, intravenous, enteral feeding) and all routes of fluid loss (urine, feces, perspiration, drainage), clinicians can assess overall fluid balance and identify dehydration or fluid overload. This monitoring is essential for patients with conditions affecting fluid regulation or those requiring precise intake-output tracking.	Patient Fall Risk Assessment is a systematic clinical evaluation process used to identify hospitalized or institutionalized patients at increased risk of falling. Falls are a major cause of injury and mortality in healthcare settings, particularly among older adults. The assessment considers intrinsic patient factors (e.g., age, medical conditions, medications) and extrinsic environmental factors (e.g., lighting, equipment, flooring) to guide preventive interventions.