Linganisha mbinu

	Mtandao wa Sifa za Kurudiana Ulioboreshwa (Fine-Tuned Recurrent Neural Network)	Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)
Nyanja	Ujifunzaji wa Kina	Ujifunzaji wa Kina
Familia	Machine learning	Machine learning
Mwaka wa asili	2015–2018	2014
Mwanzilishi	Popularised by Howard & Ruder (ULMFiT, 2018); RNN fine-tuning concept developed iteratively in the NLP community from ~2015	Cho, K., van Merrienboer, B., Gulcehre, C., Bahdanau, D., Bougares, F., Schwenk, H., & Bengio, Y.
Aina	Transfer learning / sequential model adaptation	Recurrent neural network with gating
Chanzo asilia	Howard, J. & Ruder, S. (2018). Universal Language Model Fine-Tuning for Text Classification. Proceedings of ACL 2018, 328–339.	Cho, K., van Merrienboer, B., Gulcehre, C., Bahdanau, D., Bougares, F., Schwenk, H., & Bengio, Y. (2014). Learning Phrase Representations using RNN Encoder-Decoder for Statistical Machine Translation. In Proceedings of EMNLP 2014, pp. 1724–1734.
Majina mbadala	Fine-Tuned RNN, RNN Fine-Tuning, domain-adapted RNN, pre-trained RNN with downstream adaptation	GRU, GRU network, gated RNN, GRU cell
Zinazohusiana	6	3
Muhtasari	A Fine-Tuned Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) starts from a model pre-trained on large corpora or time-series data and adapts its weights to a specific downstream task through controlled gradient updates. The approach dramatically cuts the labeled data needed for strong sequence modeling performance in text classification, named entity recognition, sentiment analysis, and related tasks.	The Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), introduced by Cho et al. in 2014, is a streamlined recurrent neural network that uses two learned gates — an update gate and a reset gate — to selectively retain or discard information across time steps, enabling effective sequence modelling with fewer parameters than LSTM.