Linganisha mbinu

	Kipimo cha Utendaji Huru	Kiwango cha Modified Rankin (mRS)
Nyanja	Urekebishaji	Neurolojia
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1987	1988
Mwanzilishi	Granger, Deutsch, Linn	Rankin scale original (Rankin, 1957); modified version by van Swieten et al.
Aina	Comprehensive functional independence scale	Clinician-rated ordinal scale
Chanzo asilia	Granger, C. V., Deutsch, A., & Linn, R. T. (1998). Advances in functional assessment for medical rehabilitation. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 5(2), 27–35.	van Swieten, J. C., Koudstaal, P. J., Visser, M. C., Schouten, H. J., & van Gijn, J. (1988). Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients. Stroke, 19(5), 604-607.
Majina mbadala	FIM, FIM Scale, FIM+FAM	mRS, Rankin Scale, Modified Rankin
Zinazohusiana	3	4
Muhtasari	The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) is a comprehensive 18-item scale assessing functional independence and burden of care in patients with disability across motor and cognitive domains. Developed by Granger and colleagues in 1987, FIM has become the standard outcome measure in rehabilitation medicine, mandated by Medicare for documenting rehabilitation outcomes and discharge planning in inpatient rehabilitation facilities.	The Modified Rankin Scale is a simple 0-6 ordinal measure of global disability or dependency in patients with stroke and other neurological conditions. Originally developed by Rankin in 1957 and modified by van Swieten and colleagues in 1988, it remains the most widely used global disability outcome in stroke clinical trials and clinical practice. Its simplicity, brevity, and strong prognostic association make it the gold standard for acute stroke outcome measurement and is mandated as a primary endpoint in virtually all stroke therapeutic trials.