Linganisha mbinu

	Uchanganuzi wa programu unaojikita shambani	Utafiti wa kifani
Nyanja	Mbinu za Uwandani	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1970s–1980s (field methods integration with evaluation practice)	1984 (seminal codification)
Mwanzilishi	Michael Q. Patton; Peter H. Rossi and Howard E. Freeman	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)
Aina	Applied evaluation research	Qualitative research design
Chanzo asilia	Rossi, P. H., Lipsey, M. W., & Freeman, H. E. (2004). Evaluation: A Systematic Approach (7th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761908944	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169
Majina mbadala	naturalistic program evaluation, field evaluation, on-site program evaluation, field-based evaluation	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology
Zinazohusiana	6	5
Muhtasari	Field-based program evaluation is an applied research method that assesses the implementation, outcomes, and value of a program by collecting data directly in the natural setting where the program operates. Rather than relying solely on administrative records or remote surveys, evaluators embed themselves in the field — observing activities, interviewing stakeholders on-site, and reviewing context-specific documents — to produce evidence-grounded judgments about program merit and worth.	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.