Linganisha mbinu

	Uchunguzi wa riwaya unaofanywa shambani	Utafiti wa Kimaadili
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1990s–2000s	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
Mwanzilishi	D. Jean Clandinin & F. Michael Connelly	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
Aina	Qualitative research design	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
Chanzo asilia	Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. Jossey-Bass. ISBN: 978-0787943943	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
Majina mbadala	field narrative inquiry, naturalistic narrative inquiry, field-situated narrative research, in-situ narrative inquiry	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
Zinazohusiana	6	5
Muhtasari	Field-based narrative inquiry is a qualitative research design that investigates human experience by collecting and interpreting stories directly within the natural settings where those experiences unfold. Rooted in Clandinin and Connelly's narrative inquiry framework, it moves the researcher into participants' lived worlds — classrooms, workplaces, communities — to gather rich field texts that preserve the contextual, temporal, and relational dimensions of experience through story.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.