Linganisha mbinu

	Uchanganuzi wa Kiutamaduni wa Kiutawala wa Kifedha	Nadharia ya Uhalisia wa Uga
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1987 (IE foundations); field-based variant prominent from 1990s onward	1967 (original GT); field-based variant developed through 1980s–2000s
Mwanzilishi	Dorothy E. Smith	Kathy Charmaz (constructivist extension); Barney Glaser & Anselm Strauss (original grounded theory)
Aina	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research design and analysis approach
Chanzo asilia	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105713	Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761973539
Majina mbadala	field IE, field-based IE, institutional ethnography fieldwork, on-site institutional ethnography	constructivist grounded theory, ethnographic grounded theory, situational grounded theory, field grounded theory
Zinazohusiana	6	6
Muhtasari	Field-based institutional ethnography (field IE) is a qualitative approach that combines Dorothy Smith's institutional ethnography with sustained, immersive on-site fieldwork. Researchers enter real institutional settings — hospitals, schools, social service offices, prisons — to observe how everyday work practices are coordinated and governed by texts, policies, and ruling relations operating beyond the local site.	Field-based grounded theory integrates sustained fieldwork — participant observation, field notes, and naturalistic data collection — with the iterative coding and theoretical sampling procedures of classic grounded theory. Where standard grounded theory typically relies on interview transcripts, the field-based variant anchors theory generation in direct, prolonged observation of naturally occurring social processes in context. The result is a substantive theory that is grounded in both what people say and what they actually do in their everyday settings.