Linganisha mbinu

	Utafiti wa Kidijitali wa Kienografia wa Sehemu Husika	Utafiti Shirikishi wa Maingiliano wa Kidijitali
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2000s–2010s	2000s–2010s
Mwanzilishi	Christine Hine; Sarah Pink et al.	Sarah Pink and colleagues; building on Christine Hine's virtual ethnography and Kemmis & McTaggart's participatory action research traditions
Aina	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research design
Chanzo asilia	Hine, C. (2000). Virtual Ethnography. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761958956	Pink, S., Horst, H., Postill, J., Hjorth, L., Lewis, T., & Tacchi, J. (2016). Digital Ethnography: Principles and Practice. Sage. ISBN: 978-1446200957
Majina mbadala	connective ethnography, blended digital ethnography, hybrid online-offline ethnography, field-integrated digital ethnography	PDE, collaborative digital ethnography, participatory online ethnography, participatory virtual ethnography
Zinazohusiana	6	3
Muhtasari	Field-based digital ethnography is a qualitative research design that combines traditional in-person fieldwork with systematic collection and analysis of digital data. Rather than studying online communities in isolation, it traces how social life moves between physical settings and digital spaces, treating both as equally real sites of cultural practice. Rooted in Christine Hine's virtual ethnography and Sarah Pink's digital ethnography principles, it is particularly suited to studying communities whose practices span offline and online worlds.	Participatory Digital Ethnography (PDE) is a qualitative research design that combines the immersive observation of digital ethnography with the collaborative, co-inquiry stance of participatory action research. Researchers work alongside community members within digital environments — social media platforms, online forums, gaming worlds, or hybrid digital-physical spaces — co-producing knowledge rather than studying participants from a detached observer position.