Linganisha mbinu

	Uchanganuzi wa Mazungumzo Kulingana na Mazingira	Uchanganuzi wa Wigo
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1960s–1970s (CA foundations); field applications consolidated from the 1990s onward	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)
Mwanzilishi	Harvey Sacks, Emanuel Schegloff, Gail Jefferson (CA roots); extended to field settings by later ethnomethodologists	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell
Aina	Qualitative observational-analytic approach	Method
Chanzo asilia	Hindmarsh, J., & Llewellyn, N. (2017). Video in sociomaterial investigations: A solution to the problem of relevance for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 21(2), 412–437.	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.
Majina mbadala	field CA, naturalistic conversation analysis, in situ conversation analysis, fieldwork CA	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis
Zinazohusiana	3	2
Muhtasari	Field-based conversation analysis (field CA) applies the rigorous sequential-analytic methods of conversation analysis to talk and interaction recorded in real-world settings — workplaces, clinics, classrooms, and public spaces — rather than to pre-existing corpora or laboratory data. By combining sustained fieldwork access with fine-grained transcript analysis, it reveals how social order is accomplished turn by turn in the actual environments where it matters.	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.