Linganisha mbinu

	Feminist Identity Development Scale	Attitudes Toward Women Scale
Nyanja	Gender Studies	Gender Studies
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1991	1972
Mwanzilishi	Adena Bargad and Janet Shibley Hyde	Janet T. Spence and Robert Helmreich
Aina	Self-report developmental stage scale	Self-report attitude scale
Chanzo asilia	Bargad, A., & Hyde, J. S. (1991). Women's studies: A study of feminist identity development in women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 15(2), 181–201.	Spence, J. T., & Helmreich, R. (1972). The Attitudes Toward Women Scale: An objective instrument to measure attitudes toward the rights and roles of women in contemporary society. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 2, 66–67.
Majina mbadala	FIDS, Feminist Identity Scale	AWS, Spence-Helmreich AWS
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Feminist Identity Development Scale (FIDS), developed by Adena Bargad and Janet Hyde in 1991, is a 39-item self-report instrument that operationalises Downing and Roush's (1985) five-stage model of how women develop a feminist identity. Its five subscales correspond to the stages of passive acceptance, revelation, embeddedness-emanation, synthesis, and active commitment, capturing where a woman stands in the process of recognising and responding to sexism.	The Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS), developed by Janet Spence and Robert Helmreich in 1972, is a self-report Likert instrument that measures beliefs about the appropriate rights and roles of women in contemporary society. Respondents indicate their agreement with statements about vocational, educational, intellectual, marital, and social conduct expectations for women, yielding a single score that ranges from traditional and conservative to egalitarian and liberal.