Linganisha mbinu

	Muundo wa Kijaribio cha Factorial wa Pretest-Posttest	Muundo wa Majaribio wa Kabla na Baada ya Upimaji
Nyanja	Muundo wa Majaribio	Muundo wa Majaribio
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1963 (canonical formalization)	1963 (formalized in Campbell & Stanley)
Mwanzilishi	Codified by Donald T. Campbell and Julian C. Stanley	Donald T. Campbell and Julian C. Stanley
Aina	True experimental design	Experimental / quasi-experimental research design
Chanzo asilia	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally.	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally.
Majina mbadala	factorial pre-post design, factorial repeated-measures pretest-posttest design, multi-factor pretest-posttest design, FPPD	pretest-posttest design, before-after design, pre-post design, two-wave experimental design
Zinazohusiana	6	5
Muhtasari	A factorial pretest-posttest experimental design combines the simultaneous manipulation of two or more independent variables (factors) with measurement of the dependent variable both before and after treatment. This structure allows researchers to assess the main effect of each factor, all possible interaction effects between factors, and the magnitude of change from pretest to posttest — all within a single, fully randomised experiment.	The pretest-posttest experimental design measures participants on the outcome variable before and after treatment, typically with random assignment to treatment and control groups. The difference between pre- and post-scores isolates the treatment effect from baseline variation, making this one of the most widely used frameworks in experimental and quasi-experimental research across education, psychology, medicine, and the social sciences.