Linganisha mbinu

	Muundo wa Kijaribio cha Factorial wa Pretest-Posttest	Jaribio la Kiwango
Nyanja	Muundo wa Majaribio	Muundo wa Majaribio
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1963 (canonical formalization)	1926–1935
Mwanzilishi	Codified by Donald T. Campbell and Julian C. Stanley	Ronald A. Fisher
Aina	True experimental design	Quantitative experimental design
Chanzo asilia	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally.	Fisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments. Oliver and Boyd.
Majina mbadala	factorial pre-post design, factorial repeated-measures pretest-posttest design, multi-factor pretest-posttest design, FPPD	factorial design, factorial ANOVA design, multi-factor experiment, crossed-factor design
Zinazohusiana	6	6
Muhtasari	A factorial pretest-posttest experimental design combines the simultaneous manipulation of two or more independent variables (factors) with measurement of the dependent variable both before and after treatment. This structure allows researchers to assess the main effect of each factor, all possible interaction effects between factors, and the magnitude of change from pretest to posttest — all within a single, fully randomised experiment.	A factorial experiment is an experimental design in which two or more independent variables (factors) are manipulated simultaneously, and every combination of their levels is tested. Introduced by Ronald Fisher in the 1920s–1930s, it is the standard approach whenever a researcher needs to detect not only the main effect of each factor but also whether the effect of one factor depends on the level of another — the interaction effect.