Linganisha mbinu

	F-takwimu (FST)	Nadharia ya Coalescent	Selection Sweep (Tajima's D)
Nyanja	Jenetiki	Jenetiki	Jenetiki
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1951	1982	1989
Mwanzilishi	Sewall Wright	John Kingman	Fumio Tajima
Aina	Population differentiation measure	Stochastic process model	Neutrality test
Chanzo asilia	Wright, S. (1951). The genetical structure of populations. Annals of Eugenics, 15(4), 323–354.	Kingman, J. F. C. (1982). The coalescent. Stochastic Processes and their Applications, 13(3), 235–248.	Tajima, F. (1989). Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism. Genetics, 123(3), 585–595.
Majina mbadala	FST, Wright's F-statistics, Population differentiation index	Kingman Coalescent, n-coalescent	Tajima's D test, Selective sweep analysis, Neutrality test
Zinazohusiana	4	4	4
Muhtasari	F-statistics are a family of measures developed by Sewall Wright to quantify population genetic structure and the degree of genetic differentiation between populations. FST, the most widely used F-statistic, measures the proportion of total genetic variation attributable to differences between populations versus within populations. FST ranges from zero (no differentiation) to one (complete differentiation). These statistics have become fundamental tools for understanding population structure, detecting population admixture, and analyzing the evolutionary forces shaping genetic variation.	Coalescent theory is a probabilistic framework that traces the genealogical history of DNA sequences backward in time to their most recent common ancestor. Developed by John Kingman in 1982, this method forms the foundation of modern population genetics, enabling researchers to understand demographic events, estimate genetic parameters, and reconstruct evolutionary histories from modern genetic data.	Tajima's D is a statistical test designed to detect selective sweeps—recent, rapid fixation of advantageous mutations—from patterns of genetic variation in DNA sequences. Developed by Fumio Tajima in 1989, this test measures deviations from neutrality by comparing different measures of DNA sequence diversity. A significant Tajima's D value indicates departure from neutral evolution, suggesting positive selection, population structure, or demographic events.