Linganisha mbinu

	Muundo wa Mitandao ya Kielektroniki kwa Kina (ERGM / p*)	Ugunduzi wa Jumuiya	DBSCAN
Nyanja	Uchanganuzi wa Mitandao	Uchanganuzi wa Mitandao	Ujifunzaji wa Mashine
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Machine learning
Mwaka wa asili	1986 (foundational); modern ERGM framework 1996–2007	2002–2019 (algorithm family)	1996
Mwanzilishi	Frank & Strauss (1986); extended by Wasserman & Pattison (1996) and Robins et al. (2007)	Louvain: Blondel et al. (2008); Leiden: Traag et al. (2019); Girvan-Newman: Girvan & Newman (2002); Infomap: Rosvall & Bergstrom (2008)	Ester, M., Kriegel, H.-P., Sander, J. & Xu, X.
Aina	Probabilistic generative network model	Graph-partitioning / clustering algorithm family	Density-based clustering algorithm
Chanzo asilia	Robins, G., Pattison, P., Kalish, Y., & Lusher, D. (2007). An introduction to exponential random graph (p*) models for social networks. Social Networks, 29(2), 173-191.	Blondel, V.D., Guillaume, J.-L., Lambiotte, R. & Lefebvre, E. (2008). Fast Unfolding of Communities in Large Networks. Journal of Statistical Mechanics, 2008(10), P10008.	Ester, M., Kriegel, H.-P., Sander, J. & Xu, X. (1996). A Density-Based Algorithm for Discovering Clusters in Large Spatial Databases with Noise. Proceedings of the 2nd KDD, 226–231.
Majina mbadala	ERGM, p-star model, p* model, Üstel Rastgele Graf Modeli (ERGM / p*)	graph clustering, network partitioning, Topluluk Tespiti (Louvain, Girvan-Newman, Leiden)	DBSCAN Kümeleme, density-based clustering, density-based spatial clustering
Zinazohusiana	6	5	3
Muhtasari	The Exponential Random Graph Model (ERGM), also known as the p* model, is a statistical framework for network analysis that models the probability of an observed network as a function of its local structural features — such as reciprocity, triangles, and degree distribution. Developed from the foundational work of Frank and Strauss (1986) and extended into the modern framework by Wasserman and Pattison (1996) and Robins et al. (2007), ERGM is the inferential standard for social network analysis, capable of testing whether observed network structures arise by chance or reflect genuine social processes.	Community detection is a family of graph-partitioning algorithms that discover densely connected sub-groups — communities — within a network. First formalised through the modularity measure by Girvan and Newman (2002), the field advanced rapidly with the Louvain method (Blondel et al., 2008), the Leiden refinement (Traag et al., 2019), and the information-theoretic Infomap approach. All variants answer the same question: which nodes cluster together more tightly among themselves than with the rest of the network?	DBSCAN is a density-based clustering algorithm, introduced by Ester, Kriegel, Sander and Xu in 1996, that groups together points lying in dense regions and flags points in sparse regions as noise. It is effective on noisy data and on clusters of irregular, non-spherical shapes.