Linganisha mbinu

	Mbinu Mchanganyiko za Vitendo Zinazolenga Tathmini	Utafiti Shirikishi
Nyanja	Muundo wa Utafiti	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1990s–2000s	1946
Mwanzilishi	Jennifer C. Greene; Abbas Tashakkori & Charles Teddlie	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury
Aina	Mixed methods research design	Method
Chanzo asilia	Greene, J. C. (2007). Mixed Methods in Social Inquiry. Jossey-Bass. ISBN: 978-0787984090	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.
Majina mbadala	pragmatic evaluation mixed methods, program evaluation mixed methods, applied pragmatic mixed methods, mixed methods program evaluation	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry
Zinazohusiana	2	1
Muhtasari	Evaluation-oriented pragmatic mixed methods is a research design that combines quantitative and qualitative data collection within a pragmatist philosophical stance, expressly to evaluate programs, policies, or interventions. Rather than adhering rigidly to a single paradigm, it selects methods for their fitness to answer evaluation questions about program effectiveness, outcomes, and stakeholder experiences. The design is widely applied in education, public health, social services, and development evaluation contexts.	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.