Linganisha mbinu

	Utafiti wa Kimaadili	Uchunguzi Simulizi
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)	2000
Mwanzilishi	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology	D. Jean Clandinin and F. Michael Connelly
Aina	Qualitative fieldwork tradition	Method
Chanzo asilia	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462	Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. Jossey-Bass.
Majina mbadala	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research	Narrative Analysis, Narrative Research, Life Story Method
Zinazohusiana	5	3
Muhtasari	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.	Narrative inquiry is a qualitative research methodology that treats stories and life narratives as primary data, analyzing how individuals construct meaning and identity through storytelling. Developed by D. Jean Clandinin and F. Michael Connelly (2000), narrative inquiry examines the narratives people tell about their lives, experiences, and transitions, understanding that people make sense of experience through narrative.